
A special thanks to Philip Cauley for participating in our Admissions Spotlight Series. Mr. Cauley is the Director of Student Recruitment and Transitions at Western Carolina University. Joseph Fernandez from Parliament Tutors conducted this interview.
As the Director of Student Recruitment and Transitions, what are your responsibilities?
I oversee the Offices of Admission (undergraduate), Financial Aid, and Orientation.
What do you consider the most significant parts of an admission application, the parts which applicants should prepare the most carefully?
First, prospective students should read very carefully all questions or prompts to ensure that they understand precisely what is being asked. If a potential applicant is unsure or unclear as to the meaning of any prompt, he or she should seek clarification from the institution before completing the application. Then the student should accurately, truthfully, and thoroughly complete all questions or prompts on the application realizing that potential consequences exist for any misrepresentation, inaccuracies, or incomplete responses. Consequences can range from miscommunication or time delays within the admission process all the way to denial or retraction of admission, depending upon the nature and severity of the error. Something as seemingly simple as not providing the applicant’s full, legal name (entering a nickname or preferred name) can create all types of record matching and communication problems.
Second, timely submission of requested, official documentation is important. Official high school transcripts, standardized test scores, etc., are integral components of the application process. An increasingly common oversight is the failure of an applicant who has taken or is dually enrolled in college courses to note that enrollment and to request submission of an official college transcript at the point of application (as well as at the completion of all coursework). Supporting documentation that speaks to or gives tangible evidence of a student’s ability and motivation to succeed in college or that sheds light on any usual circumstance that has impacted the student’s performance can also be useful in the application review process.
Is there anything you frequently see on an application that you hope to never see again?
An application that has been completed by someone other than the student (especially a parent or guardian). While applicants often need to and should seek input from parents or guardians in terms of the information sought on an application, the potential student is the one who is obligated to complete the application. Many errors and issues could be avoided if the applicant is one who completes the application.
An applicant who is not forthright and truthful. Whether it concerns past legal or academic difficulties or accuracy regarding residency, forthrightness is the best policy. The absence of information ultimately can be as detrimental (and give the impression of trying to hide something) as supplying misinformation.
Similarly to what was addressed earlier, a student who obviously has not read carefully the prompts. Simple mistakes that could have been avoided create inefficiencies, resource drains, miscommunication, delays, headaches, and frustrations for both the applicant and their parents as well as university staff.
Are there any myths about the application process which you would like to dispel?
Many applicants do not understand that the same laws that protect a student from being discriminated against in the admission process also preclude a college or university from discriminating on behalf of a student in terms of an admission decision. Learning disabilities, handicaps, etc., are not asked on the application for admission because such information is not factored into an admission decision. While colleges and universities provide support services upon admission for students with special needs, that is not the basis of admission.
Also, applicants need to realize that for many institutions, an acceptance letter to the institution does not guarantee a seat in the entering class. Because students apply to multiple institutions and because most offers of admission are nonbinding and do not guarantee that the student will enroll in the institution that is making the offer of admission, the offer of admission most often is not the action that reserves a seat in the entering class. Applicants need to thoroughly read the offer of admission and accompanying information (1) to see if any specific conditions or stipulations exist associated with the offer of admission, and (2) to heed the instructions and deadlines for securing a spot (i.e., submitting a tuition deposit) and enrolling in the entering class.
What advice would you give to an applicant with below-average test scores but significant work experience?
For our university, our advice is as follows: First, take the same type of standardized test at least twice (and at least once in the senior year). If you have taken the SAT once, take it a second time. If you have taken the ACT once, take it a second time. Our university (as is the case with many) will use the highest sub score from like examinations to calculate a highest composite or total score. If the student has taken the same standardized test at least twice, then he or she may consider taking the other type of test for two reasons. First, because of the differences in the nature of the SAT and ACT, some students will perform better on one than they will on the other. Second, for our university, the fact that a student has sought both avenues (and repeated avenues) of trying to improve a standardized test score becomes an intangible factor that speaks to a student’s perseverance, tenacity, motivation, and determination. Therefore, retaking standardized tests can in no way disadvantage an applicant; rather, that very fact may be one of the intangibles that positively impacts an admission decision. Finally, be prepared to work with the university to explore alternate paths of Admission that may further minimize or eliminate the impact of standardized tests on an admission decision (i.e., transfer student admission paths).
Do you frequently have to turn away applicants whom you wish you could admit? If so, what could those applicants do to be admitted?
Yes. This past year, for every 10 applications we received, we had one available seat in the entering freshman class. While we review applications as to the evidence presented that speaks to an applicant’s ability and motivation to succeed in college, we also must weigh the strength of the evidence against all of the other applicants who are vying for a seat in the entering class. While we weigh and compare numerous factors in the admission process, the general rank order of importance is: (1) strength of record (i.e., rigor, depth and quality of courses taken); (2) academic performance in the classroom (i.e., unweighted and weighted GPA, class rank, grades in core courses, most recent grades, etc.); (3) standardized test scores (SAT or ACT); intangibles (i.e., strength of the most recent work; leadership and service; engagement in the school or community; work ethic; whether the student has made a formal visit to campus to see if the university is a good fit; etc.).
The stronger a student can finish in the senior year (often, the submission of first-term or first-block grades in the senior year can make a difference), attempting a standardized test at least once in the senior year, participating in formal campus visit (i.e., open house or an Admission Office presentation and tour), sending supporting documentation that sheds new light on the student’s ability and motivation for success in college or on an unusual circumstance that interrupted a student’s performance, and submitting official documentation of any college or subject examination results (i.e., A.P. or IB scores) can enhance a student’s prospects for a favorable admission decision. To use an election analogy: some preliminary admission decisions are made with “75% of the precincts reporting” (the student’s performance in grades 9-11 and the standardized tests taken through grade 11—grade 12 has not been counted yet) when the “results that have been tabulated” are akin to a runaway election (great courses, grades, test scores….). For many applicants, the race may be too close to call without tabulating some results from the senior year. (NOTE: Even though offers of admission are made based upon partial records, final transcripts are required and poor performance in the senior year can still negatively impact an offer of admission for those who have been admitted).
How much faith do you have in the ability of the SAT or ACT to predict success in college?
As an isolated, stand-alone factor, not much. When used in tandem with other documentation, then standardized tests can serve as a useful ingredient in the admission deliberation process. In much that same way as beef stew is enhanced when seasoning salts are added to the mix, standardized tests should not be the meat that goes into an admission decision; rather, they should be an active ingredient that seasons the decision (refer to the question above for the general rank order that our university uses in its admission deliberations).
What do you look for in a recommendation letter?
I look for information that sheds new light on the following two questions: “What does the information presented tell me in terms of the applicant’s ability and motivation to persevere and tackle the rigors of college that I don’t otherwise know from the transcripts or test scores presented? What stands out from the other applicants who are vying for entrance?” Recommendations that simply restate the information that I can ascertain from the application or required supporting documentation, or that in very general terms say little more than “this student a good person” do little to enhance the student’s record.
What trends are you seeing admissions regarding students' preparedness for learning at a college level?
In general, applicants are presenting transcripts with more rigorous course selection in foundational areas (English, math, science, social science, and foreign language). An increasingly higher percentage of applicants have taken and earned dual enrollment or advanced credit while in high school so that they will enroll as first-time students with some amount of advanced credit standing.
Joseph Fernandez is an SAT Tutor with Parliament Tutors, a home tutoring service.
A special thanks to Philip Cauley for participating in our Admissions Spotlight Series. Mr. Cauley is the Director of Student Recruitment and Transitions at Western Carolina University. Joseph Fernandez from Parliament Tutors conducted this interview. As the Director of Student Recruitment and Transitions, what are your responsibilities?
I oversee the Offices of Admission (undergraduate), Financial Aid, and Orientation.
What do you consider the most significant parts of an admission application, the parts which applicants should prepare the most carefully?
First, prospective students should read very carefully all questions or prompts to ensure that they understand precisely what is being asked. If a potential applicant is unsure or unclear as to the meaning of any prompt, he or she should seek clarification from the institution before completing the application. Then the student should accurately, truthfully, and thoroughly complete all questions or prompts on the application realizing that potential consequences exist for any misrepresentation, inaccuracies, or incomplete responses. Consequences can range from miscommunication or time delays within the admission process all the way to denial or retraction of admission, depending upon the nature and severity of the error. Something as seemingly simple as not providing the applicant’s full, legal name (entering a nickname or preferred name) can create all types of record matching and communication problems.
Second, timely submission of requested, official documentation is important. Official high school transcripts, standardized test scores, etc., are integral components of the application process. An increasingly common oversight is the failure of an applicant who has taken or is dually enrolled in college courses to note that enrollment and to request submission of an official college transcript at the point of application (as well as at the completion of all coursework). Supporting documentation that speaks to or gives tangible evidence of a student’s ability and motivation to succeed in college or that sheds light on any usual circumstance that has impacted the student’s performance can also be useful in the application review process.
Is there anything you frequently see on an application that you hope to never see again?
An application that has been completed by someone other than the student (especially a parent or guardian). While applicants often need to and should seek input from parents or guardians in terms of the information sought on an application, the potential student is the one who is obligated to complete the application. Many errors and issues could be avoided if the applicant is one who completes the application.
An applicant who is not forthright and truthful. Whether it concerns past legal or academic difficulties or accuracy regarding residency, forthrightness is the best policy. The absence of information ultimately can be as detrimental (and give the impression of trying to hide something) as supplying misinformation.
Similarly to what was addressed earlier, a student who obviously has not read carefully the prompts. Simple mistakes that could have been avoided create inefficiencies, resource drains, miscommunication, delays, headaches, and frustrations for both the applicant and their parents as well as university staff.
Are there any myths about the application process which you would like to dispel?
Many applicants do not understand that the same laws that protect a student from being discriminated against in the admission process also preclude a college or university from discriminating on behalf of a student in terms of an admission decision. Learning disabilities, handicaps, etc., are not asked on the application for admission because such information is not factored into an admission decision. While colleges and universities provide support services upon admission for students with special needs, that is not the basis of admission.
Also, applicants need to realize that for many institutions, an acceptance letter to the institution does not guarantee a seat in the entering class. Because students apply to multiple institutions and because most offers of admission are nonbinding and do not guarantee that the student will enroll in the institution that is making the offer of admission, the offer of admission most often is not the action that reserves a seat in the entering class. Applicants need to thoroughly read the offer of admission and accompanying information (1) to see if any specific conditions or stipulations exist associated with the offer of admission, and (2) to heed the instructions and deadlines for securing a spot (i.e., submitting a tuition deposit) and enrolling in the entering class.
What advice would you give to an applicant with below-average test scores but significant work experience?
For our university, our advice is as follows: First, take the same type of standardized test at least twice (and at least once in the senior year). If you have taken the SAT once, take it a second time. If you have taken the ACT once, take it a second time. Our university (as is the case with many) will use the highest sub score from like examinations to calculate a highest composite or total score. If the student has taken the same standardized test at least twice, then he or she may consider taking the other type of test for two reasons. First, because of the differences in the nature of the SAT and ACT, some students will perform better on one than they will on the other. Second, for our university, the fact that a student has sought both avenues (and repeated avenues) of trying to improve a standardized test score becomes an intangible factor that speaks to a student’s perseverance, tenacity, motivation, and determination. Therefore, retaking standardized tests can in no way disadvantage an applicant; rather, that very fact may be one of the intangibles that positively impacts an admission decision. Finally, be prepared to work with the university to explore alternate paths of Admission that may further minimize or eliminate the impact of standardized tests on an admission decision (i.e., transfer student admission paths).
Do you frequently have to turn away applicants whom you wish you could admit? If so, what could those applicants do to be admitted?
Yes. This past year, for every 10 applications we received, we had one available seat in the entering freshman class. While we review applications as to the evidence presented that speaks to an applicant’s ability and motivation to succeed in college, we also must weigh the strength of the evidence against all of the other applicants who are vying for a seat in the entering class. While we weigh and compare numerous factors in the admission process, the general rank order of importance is: (1) strength of record (i.e., rigor, depth and quality of courses taken); (2) academic performance in the classroom (i.e., unweighted and weighted GPA, class rank, grades in core courses, most recent grades, etc.); (3) standardized test scores (SAT or ACT); intangibles (i.e., strength of the most recent work; leadership and service; engagement in the school or community; work ethic; whether the student has made a formal visit to campus to see if the university is a good fit; etc.).
The stronger a student can finish in the senior year (often, the submission of first-term or first-block grades in the senior year can make a difference), attempting a standardized test at least once in the senior year, participating in formal campus visit (i.e., open house or an Admission Office presentation and tour), sending supporting documentation that sheds new light on the student’s ability and motivation for success in college or on an unusual circumstance that interrupted a student’s performance, and submitting official documentation of any college or subject examination results (i.e., A.P. or IB scores) can enhance a student’s prospects for a favorable admission decision. To use an election analogy: some preliminary admission decisions are made with “75% of the precincts reporting” (the student’s performance in grades 9-11 and the standardized tests taken through grade 11—grade 12 has not been counted yet) when the “results that have been tabulated” are akin to a runaway election (great courses, grades, test scores….). For many applicants, the race may be too close to call without tabulating some results from the senior year. (NOTE: Even though offers of admission are made based upon partial records, final transcripts are required and poor performance in the senior year can still negatively impact an offer of admission for those who have been admitted).
How much faith do you have in the ability of the SAT or ACT to predict success in college?
As an isolated, stand-alone factor, not much. When used in tandem with other documentation, then standardized tests can serve as a useful ingredient in the admission deliberation process. In much that same way as beef stew is enhanced when seasoning salts are added to the mix, standardized tests should not be the meat that goes into an admission decision; rather, they should be an active ingredient that seasons the decision (refer to the question above for the general rank order that our university uses in its admission deliberations).
What do you look for in a recommendation letter?
I look for information that sheds new light on the following two questions: “What does the information presented tell me in terms of the applicant’s ability and motivation to persevere and tackle the rigors of college that I don’t otherwise know from the transcripts or test scores presented? What stands out from the other applicants who are vying for entrance?” Recommendations that simply restate the information that I can ascertain from the application or required supporting documentation, or that in very general terms say little more than “this student a good person” do little to enhance the student’s record.
What trends are you seeing admissions regarding students' preparedness for learning at a college level?
In general, applicants are presenting transcripts with more rigorous course selection in foundational areas (English, math, science, social science, and foreign language). An increasingly higher percentage of applicants have taken and earned dual enrollment or advanced credit while in high school so that they will enroll as first-time students with some amount of advanced credit standing.
Joseph Fernandez is an SAT Tutor with Parliament Tutors, a home tutoring service.





